righteousness through works of law or submission to circumcision. Indeed, the manner in which these questions are discussed indicates that Paul does not oppose Jewish Christians in Rome. He gives no indication that he is countering a Jewish Christian position in Rome when he broaches these issues. Another reason must be sought, therefore, for the inclusion of these themes in the letter. Watson is probably right in saying that there were tensions between Jews and Gentiles in Rome. But it is doubtful